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LOW POWER ENERGETICS
The term “Low Power Energetics” imply industrial and generating capacities, raging from 1-2 to 30-50 megawatt. An enterprise, possessing its own generating facilities is truly advantageous. Hence, it has the following benefits:
- Self-government, technical and economic independence of the monopolist – i.e a manufacturer or a heat and electric energy reseller;
- Low net cost of energy ( saving over 50%);
- Possibility to sell energy excesses;
- Fast payback time (from 2 to 4 years);
- Long life of power objects that amounts at dozens of years (depending on the applied equipment);
The most prevalent ways of solving self-power problems:
- reconstruction of the existing boiler into a heat-power station by means of steam back-pressure turbine and electric generator installation;
- Construction of an electric or thermoelectric power station, based on various electric power installations:
- Steam turbines;
- Gas turbines;
- Gas-reciprocating motors;
- Diesel-generator sets etc.
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The choice of this or that type of power installations mostly depends on the object’s particular conditions. Whereas the principle factors are as follows:
- electric and/or thermal power demand;
- a customer’s financial and technical-organizational capabilities in order to create and run own power installation;
- technological peculiarities of customer factory thermal and electric energy consumption;
- climate conditions and physiogeological factors of the installation’s location;
- fuel, water and electric power supply of the installation;
- social, territorial and environmental conditions of the installation.
When choosing some particular installation type, we always follow the principles of energy-saving technologies. Only then the prices of electric and heat power production can be appreciably reduced, making the most efficient use of the advantages possible and taking into consideration the drawbacks of the existing feasible solutions. General solutions can be as follows:
- the use of steam turbo set with back-pressure turbine instead of generally used reducing-cooling installations for subsequent steam supply of the factory’s process loads ( in the central heating network etc.);
- the use of turbine expansion engines at gas pipelines instead of reducing devices, while the mechanical work of turbine expander is transformed into generator’s electric energy;
- the use of gas-turbine power rigs with high exhaust heat utilization, which enables deriving high economy electric and thermal energy in volume;
- establishing mini heat and power plants, based on gas-reciprocating motor-generators with heat recovery, which allows to economically generate electricity along with heat energy of high-level fuel utilization;
- mini heat and power plants based on steam-turbine plants with boilers for waste burning – for instance: saw dust, debris, garbage, processed seeds’ husk, etc.;
- power plants with heat recovery of low-grade sources, whose temperature is 80 – 200°C, i.e. including the temperature of various plants’ waste waters or thermal waters.
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